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Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is widely perceived as a contributor to numerous neurological diseases and mental disorders including depression. Discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1), an adaptor protein, regulates cell polarization and the function of K
ABSTRACT
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is widely perceived as a contributor to numerous neurological diseases and mental disorders including depression. Discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1), an adaptor protein, regulates cell polarization and the function of K
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Depression/chemically induced , Inflammation , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Microglia , NF-kappa B , Neuroinflammatory DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective To identify the species of Biomphalaria snails collected in Shenzhen reservoir,based on the mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences.Methods The 16S rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR from the genome DNA of Biomphalaria snails,and inserted in plasmid pMD-18T for sequencing.The sequence of 16S rDNA fragment and its phylogenetic relationships with those of other species of Biomphalaria snails were analyzed with BLAST and MEGA4 software.Results The amplified 16S rDNA fragment of the Biomphalaria snails was about 466 bp in length.As aligned with the corresponding sequences of the related Biomphalaria species,the identity of nucleotides was 99％ with 1 isolate of Biomphaltria straminea (B.straminea),98％ with 3 isolates of B.kuhniana,95％ with 1 isolate of B.intermedia,and 94％ with 1 isolate of B.edisoni.Based on the 16S rDNA sequence,the results of phylogenetic analysis with neighbor-joining (NJ) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) indicated that the snails had close genetic relationships with the B.straminea isolate (Genbank accession NO.AY030213.1) Conclusion The Biomphalaria snails collected in Shenzhen reservoir could be classified as B.straminea based on the characteristics of 16S rDNA sequence.
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Objective To identify the species classification of an ornamental Planorbidae from a flower market in Shanghai and analyze its potential distribution in China. Methods In August 2013,six freshwater snail specimens were collected from the Wanshang flower market. The species was identified by morphology and molecular biology. An ecological niche model was constructed based on the native geographic presence occurrence data,and projected onto the whole of China to predict the poten?tial distribution. Results Their shell external morphology suggested that the specimens belonged to Planorbella trivolvis(Say 1817)of Planorbidae,which is native in North America. The sequence data of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxi?dase subunit I(COI)confirmed its identification. A total of 2 294 georeferenced occurrence points in North America were car?ried out from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility databases and 614 records with coordinates were used to produce a North American native niche model by a maximum entropy method(Maxent). The projection on China results suggested high probabilities of occurrence mostly in Henan Province and its borderland with nearby provinces. Conclusions P. trivolvis is sim?ilarly with Biomphalaria species from shell morphology. It is the first records of the species in China,and the field dispersal is not clear.
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Biomphalaria straminea,the intermediary host of Schistosoma mansoni,was found by survey in local areas of Shen-zhen City in 1981,which was the first finding of the snail in inland China. By 2013,the snail had spread in large range of Shen-zhen City and overspread to the surrounding regions,Dongguan City and Huizhou City. Due to the facts that Shenzhen City has many international communications and is a key area of labor export,with high population mobility,while the reports of S. manso-ni infection in the returnees of our country from Africa have been increasing recently,it must be paid a high attention to whether the epidemic or transmission of schistosomiasis mansoni may happen under the present circumstance. This paper initially discusses the finding,distribution,spreading and overspreading and transmission risk of B. straminea in inland China and puts forward some related control suggestions.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of parecoxib sodium on the rat sperm motility,capacitation and acrosome reaction in vitro.Methods The sperm samples from Sprague-Dawley rat epididymis were collected by Klinefelter diffusion method and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),and parecoxib sodium 100,500,1 000 μmol/L groups (P1-3 groups).Parecoxib sodium with the final concentrations of 100,500 and 1 000 μmol/L was added to the culture medium.The samples were then incubated for 5 h in an airtight container filled with 5 ％ CO2 at 37 ℃.Then sperm motility was examined in vitro at 37 ℃ and analyzed by the computer-assisted sperm analysis,including the sperm motility ((a + b)％),average path velocity (VAP),straight line velocity (VSL),curvilinear velocity (VCL) and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH).The capacitation effect was assessed by using the chlortetracycline staining and phase-contract microscopy.The acrosome reaction was evaluated by coomassie brilliant blue staining.Results The VAP,VSL,VCL and capacitation ability of the sperm were gradually decreased in C and P1-3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,(a + b)％ in P2,3 groups and ALH in P2 group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the acrosome reaction between groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Parecoxib sodium has significant inhibitory effects on the rat sperm motility and capacitation in a dose-dependent manner,while has no effect on the acrosome reaction in vitro.
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Objective To detect infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and examine effection of treatment to prepare monoclonal antibodies(McAbs). Methods Six-week-old BALB/c mice were imrnunized by the intraperitoneal injection of e/s antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Fusion of splecn cells from immunized mice with prepared SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells was performed in RPMI 1640. Fused cells were suspended in RPMI 1640 containing 1% HAT and 20% fetal calf serum and dispensed into 96-well cell culture plates. The supernatants of clones were screened by ELISA with sera of patients of angiostrongyliasis.Distribution of cohere antigen of 12D5 and 21B7 monoclonal antibodies was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Two McAbs ( 12D5 and 21B7) were applied to detect the circulating antigen (CAg) in the sera of rats infected with A. cantonensis and angiostrongyliasis patients respectively by double antibody sandwich ELISA.Results 12D5 McAb was identified as IgG1 and 21 B7 McAb was IgM. Western blot result showed two McAbs could used to identified 55 × 103 protein of adult worms of A. cantonensis. Cohere antigen of 12D5 and 21B7 monoclonal antibodies were distributed on intestine surface of A. cantonensis. The detection rates of CAg in the sera of infected rats 100% (48/48), the detection rates of CAg in the sera of angiostrongyliasis patients was 100% (32/32). No cross-reaction to sera of patients with other infection of parasites, such as clonochiasis, fasiolopsiasis, ancylostomiasis, trichinosis, anisakiasis as well as schsitosomiasis, and health srea did not reacted with 12D5 and 21B7 McAbs,and detaction rate of antibody of angiostrongyliasis patients only reached 75% (24/32) with antigen of A. cantonensis. Conclusion Cohere antigen of 12D5 and 21B7monoclonal antibodies were antigens of enteric epithelium. Sandwich ELISA with 12D5 and 21B7 McAbs showed high specificity act as detecting CAg of A. cantonensis in sera of infection animal and patients. It is apparent that Sandwich ELISA with 12D5 and 21 B7 is not only rapid and simple without requirement of special instrument, but also rather sensitive and specific for the detection of current infection with A. cantonensis.
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Objective To investigate the change of serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI)following coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods 55 OPCABs and 55 cCABGs were performed.Serum cTnI were measured before operation(T1)and immediately after operation(T2)and 1d(T3),2d(T4),3d(T5),4d(T6),5d(T7),6d(T8),7d(T9),10d(T10),14d(T11).Results The serum cTnI level increased differently after OPCAB and cCABG and then returned to normal level gradually.The peak value of serum cTnI level in OPCAB was lower than that in cCABG.There were 9 cases on myocardial infarction,of which OPCAB 4 cases,cCABG 5 case,with serum cTnI level increasing;and there weren't death.Conclusion The serum cTnI in OPCAB and cCABG both increased and then decreased to normal level gradually.Measuring serum cTnI could diagnose myocardial injury and indicate prognosis.
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Objective To study the effect of ahylysantinfarctase (AF) on the growth of fetus lens epithelial cells (LECs) in vitro. Methods Fetal lens anterior capsule membranes from the eyeballs of dead fetus delivered by induced labor underwent primary cell culture with the modified method. The second or third generations of fetal LECs were used in this experiment. They were exposed to AF of six kinds of concentrations (2?10~ -4 , 4?10~ -4 , 8?10~ -4 , 16?10~ -4 , 32?10~ -4 , 64?10~ -4 u/mL). Their morphologic changes were observed with the inverted microscope and the value of absorption (A) in each well was tested by MTT assay to examine the effect of AF on the growth of the fetal LECs collected. Results In the experimental groups, especially AF groups of higher concentration, LECs exhibited inordinate shape, less kytoplasm, more cellular endoparticles, wider intercellular space and random disposition, and even adherence failure. After the cells grew in AF of different concentrations for 48h, A value in each group decreased with the increase of AF concentration, and differed significantly between all the experimental groups (P
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To explore the effect of different concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) on primary cultured hippocampal neurons and their Ca2+/CaMK II expression and possible mechanism, the changes of hippocampal neurons were observed in terms of morphology, activity of cells, cell death, concentrations of cytosolic free calcium, and the expression of CaMK II by using MTT assay, flow cytometry, fluorescent labeling of Fura-2/AM and Western blotting after 10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol/L of CORT was added to culture medium, The evident effect of 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol/L of CORT on the morphology of hippocampal neuron was found. Compared with control neurons, the activity of the cells was markedly decreased and [Ca2+]i increased in the neurons treated with 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol/L of CORT, but no change was observed in the neuron treated with 10(-7) mol/L of CORT. The death was either by way of apoptosis or necrosis in the cells treated with 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol/L of CORT respectively. The correlation analysis showed that a reverse correlation existed between [Ca2+]i and the expression of CaMK II. Either apoptosis or necrosis occurs in the hippocampal neurons treated with CORT. The increased hippocampal [Ca2+]i is both the result of CORT impairing the hippocampal neurons and the cause of the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and the decreased CaMK II expression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Apoptosis , Calcium , Metabolism , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases , Genetics , Cells, Cultured , Corticosterone , Pharmacology , Hippocampus , Cell Biology , Neurons , Cell Biology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes and the significance of the number of nerve cells and the expression of the postsynaptic density tyrosine kinase(Fyn) in the hippocampus of the rat whose spatial learning and memory function was enhanced by chronic multiple stress. Methods Thirty-nine adult rats were randomly divided into three groups: multiple stressed,single stressed and control group.Rats in the multiple stressed group were irregularly and alternatively exposed to the situation of vertical revolve,sleep expropriate,restraint(6h/d),and night illumination for 6 weeks,to preparate chronic multiple stressed model.Rats in the single stressed group were exposed to restraint only for 6 weeks,6h/d.After that,the performance of spatial learning and memory of all rats was measured using Morris water maze.Nerve cells in different subfields of the hippocampus were observed using Cresyl violet method and counted regardless of size or shape.The expression of Fyn protein and the level of Fyn mRNA in the hippocampus of rats were detected by immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR technique respectively. Results Compared with control group,the performance of spatial learning and memory of rats was increased in multiple stressed group and decreased in single stressed group((P